GMAT申友逻辑CR题库-【OG18-P515-567题】Physician: The hormone melatonin has shown promise as a medication for sleep disorders when taken in synthesized form. Because the-OG16-真题答案解析

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CR557-569题

【OG18-P515-567题】

Physician: The hormone melatonin has shown promise as a medication for sleep disorders when taken in synthesized form. Because the long-term side effects of synthetic melatonin are unknown, however, I cannot recommend its use at this time.

Patient: Your position is inconsistent with your usual practice. You prescribe many medications that you know have serious side effects, so concern about side effects cannot be the real reason you will not prescribe melatonin.

The patient's argument is flawed because it fails to consider that

(A) the side effects of synthetic melatonin might be different from those of naturally produced melatonin

(B) it is possible that the physician does not believe that melatonin has been conclusively shown to be effective

(D) the side effects of a medication can take some time to manifest themselves

(E) known risks can be weighed against known benefits, but unknown risks cannot

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答案：

内科医生：

合成的褪黑激素作为一种治疗睡眠失调的药物很有前景。但是由于它的长期副作用现在还未知所以我不推荐当前使用。病人：你的立场和你的行为不符，你开了很多你知道具有严重副作用的药物，所以对副作用的担忧并不是你不开褪黑激素的真正原因。问题：病人的反驳在逻辑上是有问题的，因为它没有考虑到下面哪一项？分析：割裂逻辑关系型的负向逻辑，我们可以清楚地看出医生对M激素不推荐的原因是因为SIDE EFFECT UNKNOWN,而病人指责医生的论据里用的是KNOWN SIDE EFFECT，这很明显是混淆了已知和未知两个逻辑概念。这个逻辑错误是非常明显的，选项E说已知风险可以与已知益处进行权衡，而未知的风险则不行，是我们要找的答案。